1 00:00:00,330 --> 00:00:02,640 ‫Hello and welcome to this lecture, guys. 2 00:00:02,940 --> 00:00:09,280 ‫So in this lecture, we're going to change the way interests are handled if we just go to it. 3 00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:13,110 ‫He did see and we scroll up. 4 00:00:17,870 --> 00:00:24,260 ‫You can see that in it, in it we have ideas, he said, this is currently how we set interrupts, OK, 5 00:00:24,740 --> 00:00:32,060 ‫we call it set and we set it to some assembly handler, which then calls the C function. 6 00:00:32,570 --> 00:00:38,040 ‫After its first push, the general purpose registers, then it calls the C handler. 7 00:00:38,180 --> 00:00:43,610 ‫OK, now this is a bit tedious because we're going to have so many assembly routines. 8 00:00:43,610 --> 00:00:45,040 ‫It's going to be a bit of a nightmare. 9 00:00:45,530 --> 00:00:47,180 ‫So I propose a better solution. 10 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:54,890 ‫We create an assembly interrupt routine for every single possible interrupt and they all call one handler, 11 00:00:55,400 --> 00:01:00,740 ‫the handler they call they push the script number to that C handler. 12 00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:06,310 ‫So the C function will know which group was called because it'll be pastorate as an argument. 13 00:01:07,010 --> 00:01:11,580 ‫So obviously we don't want to create 500 different labels here. 14 00:01:12,230 --> 00:01:13,850 ‫So what are we going to do? 15 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:19,220 ‫Well, we can create a macro and by creating a macro, we only have to write code once and we can make 16 00:01:19,220 --> 00:01:19,740 ‫a loop. 17 00:01:20,330 --> 00:01:27,410 ‫OK, so we're going to do that in this lecture and it will mean the handling of interrupts will be far 18 00:01:27,410 --> 00:01:34,460 ‫cleaner because we won't have to write an assembly routine for every interest handler we wish to create. 19 00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:37,660 ‫OK, so we're going to begin now. 20 00:01:37,670 --> 00:01:44,150 ‫And if you don't know what I'm doing here, you're going to need to research about macros in Nazeem 21 00:01:44,750 --> 00:01:47,590 ‫because that is unrelated to our step. 22 00:01:48,140 --> 00:02:00,260 ‫So just by here, we're just going to go %s sine macro interrupt one global in its. 23 00:02:03,210 --> 00:02:14,060 ‫Percent one in eight percent one, and we're just going to push aid to save those general-purpose registers, 24 00:02:14,070 --> 00:02:19,210 ‫we can copy and paste these comments here, guys as well, just to make it clear what's going on. 25 00:02:20,330 --> 00:02:22,460 ‫OK, so that's what that's doing. 26 00:02:24,790 --> 00:02:31,840 ‫Interrupt frame, and and we can push the static pointer at this point in time, and now we want to 27 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:37,980 ‫push the interest number because like I said, the C program needs to know which intercept was called. 28 00:02:37,990 --> 00:02:38,360 ‫Right. 29 00:02:38,950 --> 00:02:40,260 ‫We're making a macro here. 30 00:02:40,270 --> 00:02:48,120 ‫And essentially when they call in three or 10 or something, we're going to need to know what intercept 31 00:02:48,130 --> 00:02:49,060 ‫number was called. 32 00:02:49,390 --> 00:02:51,220 ‫So we push that to the stack there. 33 00:02:51,640 --> 00:02:58,990 ‫And then in the C prototype, that will be like in in it interrupt or something in the C function prototype, 34 00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:03,600 ‫it'll upset the stack frame and the the interim number as an integer. 35 00:03:04,060 --> 00:03:06,900 ‫OK, and that's how we'll know what's going on here. 36 00:03:07,180 --> 00:03:10,270 ‫And we're just going to call intra Pannella, which we haven't created yet. 37 00:03:12,350 --> 00:03:18,740 ‫And now we're just going to go add ESPE eight, and this is to ignore these two values, we pushed to 38 00:03:18,740 --> 00:03:25,400 ‫the stack there and I we're going to just go pop and I get to return from the routine. 39 00:03:26,090 --> 00:03:30,950 ‫And I was just going to go percent and macro again. 40 00:03:31,010 --> 00:03:31,850 ‫That's a macro. 41 00:03:31,850 --> 00:03:34,030 ‫So that coat's not there because we haven't called it. 42 00:03:34,040 --> 00:03:41,300 ‫So what we're going to do now is we're going to say percent a sign I zero. 43 00:03:41,960 --> 00:03:42,800 ‫We're making a loop. 44 00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:48,440 ‫OK, we're going to go rep five hundred and twelve interrupt I. 45 00:03:50,250 --> 00:03:59,460 ‫OK, and then we're going to go present a sign I equals I plus one. 46 00:03:59,740 --> 00:04:04,440 ‫OK, so we go assign I, I plus one and I will incremented. 47 00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:08,030 ‫OK, so I know these macros are a little ugly, but this is a sembler. 48 00:04:08,040 --> 00:04:12,630 ‫OK, so the macro system is not going to be beautiful, you know. 49 00:04:12,640 --> 00:04:14,280 ‫So we have to deal with what we have here. 50 00:04:15,860 --> 00:04:21,760 ‫We're going through the pain of making these macro's now so it can be cleaner later on in the C-code, 51 00:04:22,100 --> 00:04:25,280 ‫so here we're just going to go percent and repp. 52 00:04:26,450 --> 00:04:28,340 ‫So, OK, what's happening here? 53 00:04:28,340 --> 00:04:35,330 ‫Then we create a for loop that loops through 512 times and it basically calls our macro interrupt. 54 00:04:35,330 --> 00:04:36,460 ‫I OK. 55 00:04:37,040 --> 00:04:46,340 ‫And that will essentially create this code, OK, and it will replace the Interop we we've done here 56 00:04:46,340 --> 00:04:50,590 ‫with Pesenti, with the Interop number we pastorate here I. 57 00:04:50,810 --> 00:04:54,560 ‫OK, so let's say it's on index six or whatever. 58 00:04:54,560 --> 00:04:54,830 ‫Right. 59 00:04:55,070 --> 00:04:56,690 ‫It would say in six. 60 00:04:56,930 --> 00:05:04,970 ‫So if we say interest six, what we're saying is, is global and it's six in its six label Pusztai word 61 00:05:04,980 --> 00:05:05,500 ‫six. 62 00:05:05,510 --> 00:05:06,330 ‫That's what we're doing. 63 00:05:06,350 --> 00:05:10,790 ‫OK, so this code is basically like copy and pasted like this. 64 00:05:11,150 --> 00:05:12,670 ‫Five hundred and twelve times. 65 00:05:13,430 --> 00:05:16,370 ‫So essentially this is looped through 512 times. 66 00:05:16,700 --> 00:05:23,090 ‫Encrypt I is called, which represents our macro that we make further up. 67 00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:34,320 ‫OK, you don't have to do anything, I was just controls in those copy and paste I did. 68 00:05:34,710 --> 00:05:37,330 ‫So yeah, that's what's happening here. 69 00:05:37,350 --> 00:05:39,140 ‫OK, we're doing interrupt. 70 00:05:39,150 --> 00:05:45,120 ‫I hear if we did interrupt sex, what would happen is this would say in it's sex, this will push sex, 71 00:05:45,300 --> 00:05:45,810 ‫OK? 72 00:05:46,170 --> 00:05:48,470 ‫And it literally is like copy and pasting. 73 00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:50,470 ‫It's like definitions in C. 74 00:05:50,540 --> 00:05:56,610 ‫OK, so once you've done that then we can go ahead and say that we are looking for that function, the 75 00:05:57,510 --> 00:05:58,890 ‫interrupt handler function. 76 00:05:58,890 --> 00:06:05,510 ‫So we'll go at the top here and we simply go extern interrupts Handler. 77 00:06:06,630 --> 00:06:14,850 ‫So OK then we're just going to go to I that c and just by here at the top here we're going to say void 78 00:06:14,850 --> 00:06:15,990 ‫interrupt handler. 79 00:06:16,890 --> 00:06:18,060 ‫Any to interrupt. 80 00:06:18,630 --> 00:06:20,700 ‫Struct interrupt free. 81 00:06:24,840 --> 00:06:30,450 ‫OK, and we can just call that frame, actually, so, yeah, this function here. 82 00:06:31,900 --> 00:06:39,040 ‫We'll get cold by these macro's, OK, and this macro will pass the correct integer, the intra that 83 00:06:39,040 --> 00:06:48,820 ‫was called to us because of the well, this one I mean, because we've done percent I so percent I is 84 00:06:48,820 --> 00:06:51,210 ‫replaced with whatever value you passed here. 85 00:06:51,610 --> 00:06:57,160 ‫If you do interrupt 20 like this, then it's going to generate a macro within it. 86 00:06:57,190 --> 00:07:00,440 ‫Twenty being the label and at twenty being pushed. 87 00:07:00,460 --> 00:07:05,700 ‫OK, so just, just understand that OK, so that's perfect. 88 00:07:05,750 --> 00:07:07,150 ‫We go to see. 89 00:07:07,870 --> 00:07:11,830 ‫OK, so before we fill this function in, there's some things we need to note. 90 00:07:12,880 --> 00:07:14,500 ‫The process is not magic. 91 00:07:14,860 --> 00:07:19,240 ‫It doesn't know that we've created a macro or 512 interrupts. 92 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:24,540 ‫We need to update the descriptive tables using it. 93 00:07:24,540 --> 00:07:30,160 ‫Except now the problem is we don't know the addresses of these macros. 94 00:07:30,740 --> 00:07:31,720 ‫It's unfortunate. 95 00:07:31,720 --> 00:07:32,190 ‫I know. 96 00:07:32,500 --> 00:07:34,240 ‫So what do we do about this? 97 00:07:34,810 --> 00:07:37,990 ‫Well, we create an external pointer array. 98 00:07:38,020 --> 00:07:38,860 ‫That's what we do. 99 00:07:39,070 --> 00:07:41,940 ‫And we define the array in IGT, HSM. 100 00:07:42,370 --> 00:07:46,730 ‫So just follow me and you will understand what is going on. 101 00:07:47,020 --> 00:07:55,540 ‫So just by here, we're going to say external void pointer entry points a table, OK, and we're going 102 00:07:55,540 --> 00:08:05,110 ‫to put here Pekoe as Max interrupts OK, now if you just go to config dot, we're going to make that. 103 00:08:05,120 --> 00:08:08,410 ‫So we're just going to go define Peatross. 104 00:08:08,410 --> 00:08:12,090 ‫Max interrupts 512. 105 00:08:12,100 --> 00:08:18,550 ‫Make sure it's 512 guys because we've created 512 entries here in Australia. 106 00:08:18,570 --> 00:08:20,950 ‫So when we looked for five, 10, 12 times. 107 00:08:20,950 --> 00:08:21,250 ‫Right. 108 00:08:22,990 --> 00:08:24,400 ‫OK, so that's was all good. 109 00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:31,450 ‫Now, essentially in days and we're going to declare this array into a table. 110 00:08:31,460 --> 00:08:33,970 ‫That's why we've is external, right? 111 00:08:33,970 --> 00:08:35,170 ‫Using the external keyword. 112 00:08:36,130 --> 00:08:39,670 ‫We're going to fill that array in assembly with pointers. 113 00:08:39,680 --> 00:08:45,970 ‫So these interests that we've created here in our little loop by here in TRIPTI, in TRIPTI and so on. 114 00:08:45,970 --> 00:08:50,710 ‫Right interview into one inch or two, we've created five, 10, 12 of them in this four loopier. 115 00:08:50,710 --> 00:08:51,000 ‫Right. 116 00:08:51,190 --> 00:09:01,000 ‫We've got in TRIPTI and it's called an TRIPTI here and created 512 of these separate routines for each 117 00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:01,870 ‫and every interrupt. 118 00:09:02,620 --> 00:09:11,380 ‫So the idea is here we create this entry point to table in Australia and we we pointed to each and every 119 00:09:11,380 --> 00:09:14,410 ‫individual one that we've created here in this folder. 120 00:09:14,830 --> 00:09:19,660 ‫OK, so that's the idea because the C program can't possibly know about this. 121 00:09:19,660 --> 00:09:19,960 ‫Right? 122 00:09:20,290 --> 00:09:22,660 ‫So that's why we have to declare the array. 123 00:09:22,660 --> 00:09:27,430 ‫And I start I assume you will understand soon enough. 124 00:09:27,730 --> 00:09:29,110 ‫Just scroll down a bit here. 125 00:09:29,680 --> 00:09:39,790 ‫And just by here you will see we loop through PTW total interrupts and we set I to know interrupt. 126 00:09:39,790 --> 00:09:41,770 ‫OK, we need to change this. 127 00:09:41,950 --> 00:09:47,270 ‫It instead needs to be set to enter a pointer table I. 128 00:09:48,340 --> 00:09:51,810 ‫OK, and that will ensure the process is happy. 129 00:09:52,450 --> 00:09:56,650 ‫Now you'll see we've gone ptw into interrupt PTW total interrupts. 130 00:09:57,430 --> 00:10:01,780 ‫We now have two definitions saying the same thing so we don't really want that. 131 00:10:01,810 --> 00:10:04,990 ‫So this little definition we may, we're going to replace it with PTW. 132 00:10:04,990 --> 00:10:12,010 ‫Total interrupts actually and in config Hajj we can remove that definition we made. 133 00:10:12,460 --> 00:10:15,200 ‫I didn't realize we made one earlier on. 134 00:10:15,610 --> 00:10:18,910 ‫So if we go back twice to see it should look like that now. 135 00:10:18,960 --> 00:10:19,280 ‫OK. 136 00:10:19,810 --> 00:10:23,860 ‫OK, so just a quick overview. 137 00:10:24,160 --> 00:10:26,830 ‫We create an array called entry point to table. 138 00:10:26,830 --> 00:10:29,680 ‫This is external, which means we're not creating this memory. 139 00:10:29,950 --> 00:10:32,830 ‫We're saying to the C compiler, this man was created somewhere else. 140 00:10:33,100 --> 00:10:39,030 ‫We don't know where, but just treat it like void pointer array that can hold five, 10, 12 elements. 141 00:10:39,040 --> 00:10:40,040 ‫That's what we're saying here. 142 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:43,950 ‫Now, the memories actually create nice today. 143 00:10:44,620 --> 00:10:45,850 ‫We haven't written it yet. 144 00:10:45,850 --> 00:10:48,080 ‫But, you know, I've told you, that's what we're going to do. 145 00:10:48,430 --> 00:10:49,510 ‫OK, so you're aware of that? 146 00:10:49,510 --> 00:10:49,810 ‫Good. 147 00:10:50,590 --> 00:10:51,540 ‫In it. 148 00:10:51,550 --> 00:10:55,120 ‫In it we loop through all of those total interrupts, OK? 149 00:10:55,360 --> 00:11:01,200 ‫And we set in the script table that I should point to entry points, table I. 150 00:11:01,450 --> 00:11:02,310 ‫That's what we say. 151 00:11:02,500 --> 00:11:06,190 ‫OK, so we've set up those points is now OK. 152 00:11:06,760 --> 00:11:11,990 ‫And now finally and that Asen we'll have a little pointer array OK. 153 00:11:12,460 --> 00:11:17,080 ‫Which will point to each and every interrupt here, which I've already explained to you. 154 00:11:17,740 --> 00:11:20,650 ‫So that's a brief overview of what's going to happen here. 155 00:11:21,220 --> 00:11:22,480 ‫So this is not so hard. 156 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:28,780 ‫Scroll to the bottom here and in section, that data, which is going to go into a pointer table. 157 00:11:31,610 --> 00:11:44,030 ‫And we're going to go percent a sign I zero percent rep five June 12 interrupts Arae entry I, which 158 00:11:44,030 --> 00:11:45,010 ‫we haven't created yet. 159 00:11:45,920 --> 00:11:54,500 ‫And then we're going to go percent assign I, I plus one percent and rep and I just above here were 160 00:11:54,500 --> 00:12:09,630 ‫going to say macro interrupts oray entry one td in eight percent one and macro. 161 00:12:10,430 --> 00:12:12,360 ‫So can you see how this is working. 162 00:12:12,800 --> 00:12:18,170 ‫We've created that entry point a table that's that our C program sees as external. 163 00:12:18,170 --> 00:12:18,550 ‫Right. 164 00:12:18,800 --> 00:12:24,650 ‫It sees that as external as as I've already explained, we create the array here that point to table 165 00:12:24,650 --> 00:12:31,850 ‫here, OK, and we call the macro encrypt array entry which does a double what, which is four bytes 166 00:12:32,060 --> 00:12:34,700 ‫the size of an address and a 32 bit architecture. 167 00:12:34,700 --> 00:12:34,970 ‫Right. 168 00:12:35,570 --> 00:12:36,340 ‫And what address. 169 00:12:36,350 --> 00:12:37,280 ‫So we send it to. 170 00:12:37,820 --> 00:12:39,890 ‫Well, only in eight percent one. 171 00:12:40,130 --> 00:12:45,120 ‫OK, and as you know, the percent one is replaced with whatever value parts to it. 172 00:12:45,860 --> 00:12:47,550 ‫So that's how that's working. 173 00:12:47,690 --> 00:12:55,010 ‫If I was to go interrupt array entry five, that's going to be replaced with in five. 174 00:12:55,850 --> 00:12:58,020 ‫And what is the five label. 175 00:12:59,300 --> 00:13:02,420 ‫Well, the five label if we scroll up. 176 00:13:04,390 --> 00:13:06,460 ‫Is this it represents this. 177 00:13:08,020 --> 00:13:19,440 ‫I understand, because if I did interrupt five, then that's going to give me a label of it five, you 178 00:13:19,510 --> 00:13:21,760 ‫understand, because that's how macros work. 179 00:13:22,210 --> 00:13:26,710 ‫This is created five million, 12 times because of our loop and so is our point. 180 00:13:26,710 --> 00:13:28,830 ‫That table is created five, 10, 12 times. 181 00:13:28,840 --> 00:13:31,880 ‫Well, the entry we have five new 12 entries. 182 00:13:31,910 --> 00:13:41,350 ‫OK, so we let's we have literally in just assembly created a table of pointers pointing to our intra 183 00:13:41,370 --> 00:13:42,420 ‫service routines. 184 00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:50,950 ‫So it's nice to see if we now access the entire point to table where actually accessing the memory here 185 00:13:50,950 --> 00:13:55,300 ‫on line 112 where we where we call the interrupt array entry macro. 186 00:13:56,350 --> 00:13:56,830 ‫OK. 187 00:13:58,210 --> 00:14:05,800 ‫It's appointer to end it one and two and three and four and so on, and that's the same reason why we 188 00:14:05,800 --> 00:14:13,810 ‫have to loop through all of the pointed table and do I just said, OK, because that updates the descriptive 189 00:14:13,810 --> 00:14:16,150 ‫table so that it points. 190 00:14:17,890 --> 00:14:23,890 ‫So these macro's, OK, so that's how that is working guys, and I hope that makes sense because it's 191 00:14:23,890 --> 00:14:28,120 ‫quite difficult to explain this stuff when you haven't worked with macro's before. 192 00:14:28,150 --> 00:14:32,980 ‫So if you're still confused, you need to research by the macro's before continuing this course. 193 00:14:34,450 --> 00:14:40,480 ‫So, yeah, now that we have done that, if we want to run this, any interest that happens, that we 194 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:43,060 ‫have an override ID, we've overrides everything here. 195 00:14:43,060 --> 00:14:47,500 ‫You see Xerox 21, Xerox, Xerox and any Interop, we have an override ID. 196 00:14:47,890 --> 00:14:49,740 ‫It will call this interim Tangela here. 197 00:14:50,170 --> 00:14:58,150 ‫So it really is that that fascinating that we've just simplified this so much now that we can see the 198 00:14:58,150 --> 00:15:02,410 ‫exact interruptive was called the Interop number, which is fantastic. 199 00:15:02,410 --> 00:15:07,090 ‫We can have a switch statement, we can have an array of function pointers and we can work with those 200 00:15:07,090 --> 00:15:07,910 ‫in troop numbers. 201 00:15:08,380 --> 00:15:12,640 ‫OK, so this is a this is a really good thing that we've abstracted it out like this. 202 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:17,920 ‫If we decided not substract that, I would like this, we would have to use it set on some assembly 203 00:15:17,920 --> 00:15:23,680 ‫routine, which then calls the C handler would have to do that for every single instrument that we wanted. 204 00:15:23,830 --> 00:15:25,690 ‫Now, that's that's a lot of work. 205 00:15:26,470 --> 00:15:32,080 ‫This little micro implementation simplifies the whole thing, although we have to do is use an if statement 206 00:15:32,080 --> 00:15:36,540 ‫on this interim number was the incorrupt and SREP five. 207 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:39,280 ‫OK, then do something for five. 208 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:40,060 ‫You see what I mean? 209 00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:43,130 ‫It's that simple now because we've abstracted this out. 210 00:15:43,510 --> 00:15:46,620 ‫So just go to Tarsem because we're not quite done. 211 00:15:46,990 --> 00:15:50,290 ‫We need to now make this table exploded. 212 00:15:50,290 --> 00:15:52,930 ‫So just copy and paste the label into your points table. 213 00:15:53,290 --> 00:16:00,110 ‫Scroll up and we're just going to say global and we're going to paste that in global entry points table. 214 00:16:00,170 --> 00:16:04,300 ‫OK, I'll give it a global and a 21 H because we don't want that anymore. 215 00:16:04,780 --> 00:16:05,980 ‫We're just going to delete that. 216 00:16:06,020 --> 00:16:17,500 ‫OK, we go to Tazi and we're just going to look through here a second, whereas in SREP 21 handle at 217 00:16:17,500 --> 00:16:18,910 ‫the age of twenty one. 218 00:16:18,910 --> 00:16:22,420 ‫Hey Chandler, we no longer want that or I just delete that. 219 00:16:23,170 --> 00:16:28,420 ‫OK, and copy and paste outby zero twenty six twenty and paste that in the interim. 220 00:16:28,420 --> 00:16:33,820 ‫Tandler because remember the programmable Interop controller requires an acknowledgement, as I've already 221 00:16:33,820 --> 00:16:37,120 ‫explained, when we were first implementing these handlers. 222 00:16:37,120 --> 00:16:39,280 ‫OK, it requires an acknowledgement. 223 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:41,470 ‫So we have to give it an acknowledgement. 224 00:16:41,500 --> 00:16:44,710 ‫OK, so we're now ready to test this. 225 00:16:44,710 --> 00:16:49,780 ‫So we're going to compile this and we're going to put a breakpoint on this line and see what the number 226 00:16:49,790 --> 00:16:50,230 ‫says. 227 00:16:50,830 --> 00:16:56,500 ‫So just go to the terminal and we're going to go make clean build that, S.H.. 228 00:16:58,870 --> 00:17:08,230 ‫And we see a little error on line 54 and 65, I see JSM, so just go to line 54 and we can see what 229 00:17:08,230 --> 00:17:08,770 ‫I've done here. 230 00:17:08,770 --> 00:17:11,500 ‫I've done a percent, I, I should have been eight percent one. 231 00:17:11,500 --> 00:17:14,800 ‫Guys, that was a little mistake because I was using the eye here in the loop. 232 00:17:15,070 --> 00:17:17,710 ‫Change that from percent eye two percent one. 233 00:17:18,190 --> 00:17:25,030 ‫And we're going to scroll down and we're going to do the same on line 64. 234 00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:28,390 ‫No, no, that was the only one. 235 00:17:28,660 --> 00:17:30,100 ‫OK, recompile that now. 236 00:17:32,180 --> 00:17:32,910 ‫And there we are. 237 00:17:32,930 --> 00:17:38,190 ‫That works fine, you can see undefined reference to any 21 page, line 57. 238 00:17:38,210 --> 00:17:39,650 ‫That's because we just deleted that. 239 00:17:40,790 --> 00:17:47,640 ‫So if we just could start see line 57, uh, and we're going to delete this one here. 240 00:17:47,660 --> 00:17:54,320 ‫This is she said Xerox 21 k delete that because we've created the handle on how to handle that. 241 00:17:54,320 --> 00:17:55,970 ‫Right, with the macros. 242 00:17:56,150 --> 00:17:57,020 ‫So build again. 243 00:17:57,020 --> 00:17:58,640 ‫We can see that works absolutely fine. 244 00:17:59,170 --> 00:18:03,590 ‫We're going to go Cribben GDP and we're going to test this to see if it works. 245 00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:09,650 ‫So we're going to go add single file filled kernel full todo Xerox one. 246 00:18:09,650 --> 00:18:10,970 ‫One, two, three, four, five. 247 00:18:12,930 --> 00:18:23,130 ‫Target remote kumu system i3 eight six dash hastier showstopping dash capsulize JP GBE Studio. 248 00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:28,460 ‫OK, and we're now going to break on the interrupt handler. 249 00:18:30,190 --> 00:18:33,910 ‫We're going to proceed to continue and look at that. 250 00:18:33,940 --> 00:18:40,420 ‫We can see in thirty two, OK, and if we print the frame, we can see the general-purpose registers 251 00:18:40,420 --> 00:18:41,460 ‫pressie to continue. 252 00:18:41,470 --> 00:18:45,430 ‫Now we see in Europe one one eight C to continue in 32. 253 00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:57,120 ‫OK, so you can see we have now created our very own generic intercept handler and it tells us the number. 254 00:18:57,520 --> 00:18:59,290 ‫And can you see the potential with this? 255 00:18:59,470 --> 00:19:06,160 ‫We have a switch statement if statement point of function or anything we want because we now know the 256 00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:06,880 ‫Interop number. 257 00:19:07,210 --> 00:19:09,730 ‫Now, this is something that the processor doesn't tell you. 258 00:19:10,060 --> 00:19:17,020 ‫As you know, we we know which Europe was used because we made a macro of 512 different interrupts, 259 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:21,670 ‫OK, that it literally created 512 different Interop labels. 260 00:19:22,510 --> 00:19:29,680 ‫And if we scroll down, we created our pointed table here, which also points to the addresses of those 261 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:30,820 ‫five 12 interrupts. 262 00:19:31,090 --> 00:19:32,260 ‫What are the addresses? 263 00:19:32,530 --> 00:19:33,870 ‫Simply the labels. 264 00:19:34,420 --> 00:19:38,260 ‫So in it one and a two and a three and a four, so on. 265 00:19:38,470 --> 00:19:42,880 ‫And they push themselves, they push their own interim number to the stack. 266 00:19:43,150 --> 00:19:47,350 ‫And that is how we get to know exactly which Interop was called. 267 00:19:48,190 --> 00:19:51,960 ‫So congratulations, you've now abstracted out your interest handlers. 268 00:19:52,450 --> 00:19:56,200 ‫This was very important step in writing clean code. 269 00:19:57,160 --> 00:19:59,470 ‫That little extra effort goes a long way. 270 00:19:59,470 --> 00:20:00,580 ‫So thanks for watching.