WEBVTT 00:01.000 --> 00:06.320 Now, before diving into the technical aspects, we need to establish a shared understanding, a clear 00:06.320 --> 00:12.840 framework on how computers hardware is structured and how different parts of a system interact during 00:12.840 --> 00:14.040 the program execution. 00:14.360 --> 00:20.120 Now, by the end of this lecture, you will not only be able to describe the main subsystems of a computer, 00:20.120 --> 00:23.800 but also understand how these components work together to run software. 00:23.840 --> 00:29.200 Now we will also briefly walk through how to set up a simple programming environment using practical 00:29.200 --> 00:29.920 example. 00:31.000 --> 00:38.760 Now, as you can see on this diagram I have prepared for this lecture, the modern computer hardware 00:38.800 --> 00:49.800 can be broadly divided into three main subsystems the central processing unit, the memory and input 00:49.840 --> 00:51.520 output or IO. 00:52.280 --> 00:59.600 Now these components communicate with each other through buses, which are special data pathways that 00:59.600 --> 01:03.400 follow strict rules for how information flows. 01:03.880 --> 01:06.520 Now let's break these subsystems down. 01:08.140 --> 01:10.460 Central processing unit. 01:11.060 --> 01:14.140 The CPU is the brain of the computer. 01:14.380 --> 01:18.500 It controls how data moves between memory and input output devices. 01:18.820 --> 01:26.820 It performs both arithmetic operations like addition or subtraction and logical operations like comparing 01:26.820 --> 01:28.540 values or making decisions. 01:28.980 --> 01:34.820 The CPU can also change the flow of a program based on the outcomes of these operations. 01:34.860 --> 01:42.180 Now, to do this efficiently, it has a small amount of ultrafast memory, often called registers or 01:42.220 --> 01:45.580 cache for temporary data storage. 01:45.940 --> 01:46.660 Memory. 01:47.220 --> 01:54.500 Memory stores the both the instructions that the CPU executes and the data those instructions use. 01:54.780 --> 02:03.260 It acts as a bridge, making information easily accessible to both the CPU and input output systems. 02:03.980 --> 02:06.740 Now this is where your program lives when it's running. 02:08.900 --> 02:17.120 Input output, i.e. the input output subsystem allows the computer to interact with the outside world. 02:17.400 --> 02:24.800 This includes everything from your keyboard and monitor to mass storage devices like hard drives, USBs, 02:24.840 --> 02:26.560 and even network interfaces. 02:27.000 --> 02:34.400 Whenever a program needs to load a file, display a result, or connect to the internet, it is the 02:34.400 --> 02:37.040 input output system doing the work. 02:38.160 --> 02:41.560 And these subsystems don't work in isolation. 02:41.800 --> 02:45.640 They are connected by buses which act like communication. 02:45.640 --> 02:47.600 Highways inside the computer. 02:47.640 --> 02:55.920 Now there are three primary types of buses which you will learn as an introduction to computer organization 02:56.440 --> 02:57.280 data bus. 02:57.280 --> 03:06.160 You can see on the top of the diagram, which moves actual data between CPU memory and input output 03:07.560 --> 03:08.640 address bus. 03:09.240 --> 03:18.040 You can see on the blue lines which identifies where the data should go or come from, and we also have 03:18.040 --> 03:27.230 the control bus, the yellow lines, which carries instructions on how data should be handled like read, 03:27.270 --> 03:28.750 write or wait. 03:29.550 --> 03:31.430 So imagine you are sending a letter. 03:32.390 --> 03:36.630 The address bus tells the post office where to send it. 03:37.630 --> 03:45.950 The data bus is the letter itself, and the control bus carries instructions like send it urgently or 03:45.950 --> 03:47.110 return to the sender. 03:48.470 --> 03:54.350 These buses often share the same physical wires, but carry different types of signals at different 03:54.390 --> 03:54.910 times. 03:55.230 --> 04:03.110 For instance, the PCI express bus, which you may have seen when installing a graphic card, uses the 04:03.110 --> 04:08.950 same lanes for both address and data, but not at the same moment. 04:12.110 --> 04:17.630 This course will include several hands on programming tasks to reinforce what you are learning now. 04:17.630 --> 04:22.310 Later in this module, I will walk you through how to set up a working development environment step 04:22.310 --> 04:25.230 by step based on my own system setup. 04:25.270 --> 04:28.430 Now this will help you practice directly on your machine. 04:28.870 --> 04:32.270 Now, thank you for watching and I'm meeting you in the next lecture.