‫Now we come to the concept of amphibious shifting, where M represents the number of symbols when Emmies
‫equal to PU, we have boose symbols in the Constellation diagram.
‫And the first symbol here has four years of zero degree and the second symbol has a few of 180 degree.
‫And since there are two symbols in this BP eskies signal.
‫So we are sending one bit per symbol of this symbol represents one.
‫And this symbol represents zero.
‫And for M is equal before we have four symbols in the Constellation diagram.
‫The first symbol has a has a few years of zero degree.
‫The second symbol has a face of 90 degrees.
‫The third symbol has a face off 180 degrees.
‫And the fourth symbol has a few years off, 270 degrees.
‫And as we can see, that the first symbol represents Bluebeard's.
‫Since there are four symbols, each symbol represents cubits.
‫The first symbol represents zero zero bits.
‫The second symbol represents zero one bit.
‫And the third assemble represents one one bids and defaults.
‫And Bell represents one zero bids.
‫Now we can see that between the adjacent symbols, we are using Greek wording.
‫There is one big change between these two symbols.
‫And then there is one big change between these two symbols.
‫Now, using this Greek boarding between the adjacent symbol has certain advantages.
‫For example, if these are the dissy indigence between the adjacent symbols and this is the symbol that
‫was transmitted by the transmitter.
‫And if in the channel there is noise, then this symbol would be moved from its position.
‫For example, at the receiver, the symbol that we receive, it is located here.
‫So this symbol has moved to this location.
‫So now the receiver will see that in which the sea and region in which region this symbol is lying.
‫And since this symbol is lying in the region and it is in this region and it is closer to dissemble,
‫the receiver will decide that actually this symbol was transmitted.
‫And receiver would decide that it is the one one bits that were transmitted from the transmitter instead
‫of zero one.
‫And here, since we are using Greek chording between the adjacent symbols and there is only one big
‫change.
‫So there is symbol here.
‫But then we can see that the bits there is only one bit error between these two adjacent symbols instead
‫of boobage errors.
‫Then we are not using the Greek wording.
‫So the advantage of using the Greek wording is that it reduces the big error between the existence and
‫symbols.
‫And this error occurs due to the voice.
‫Now, in the case of Emmies, equal to eight, we have eight symbols.
‫That means we have eight phases corresponding to these symbols on the Constellation diagram.
‫And for these its symbols, we are sending three bits, our symbol.
‫Now, the important point about the face shift being is that the information is carried in the face
‫of dissembles and but each of these symbol has same amplitude.
‫That means that each of these symbol has same energy.
‫So that means that all these constellation points lie on a circle because all of them have the same
‫energy here.
‫Here we can see that these constellation points also Yona Circle.