‫Now we come to the question that whole the quadrature facelift shift cheang are the QPR scheme or relation
‫is done in the Kupinski modulation.
‫M is equal before.
‫That means there are four symbols.
‫And in each of these symbols there is a component and there is a key component.
‫For example, for this symbol, this is the it's a component which is one.
‫And this is a rescue component, which is also one for this symbol.
‫This is the component, which is minus one.
‫And this is the Q component, which is one.
‫And for this symbol, we have an eye component, which is minus one, and our Q component, which is
‫also minus one.
‫So if we look closely, then we will come to know that AQAP as a signal is composed of two BP eskies
‫signals.
‫The first BP eskies signal is along the IEX is.
‫And are in other words, this PPACA signal is along because of megacity.
‫And the second BP eskies signal is along the Q axis are the minus sign of a megacity.
‫Now, if we want to generate the Kupinski signal against these two bits, then the signal can be generated
‫as to be escape signals.
‫And how do we do that?
‫For example, this is the zero zero.
‫That is input to this modulator.
‫And here we are.
‫Assuming that the first bit belongs to the I VPC signal and the second bits belong to the BP a signal.
‫So the first bit will be sent to the channel and it will be map to its eye level and its eye level.
‫Is one.
‫So this bit would be map to one.
‫And then it would be modulated using the cause of megacity ghadiya the second, which belongs to the
‫cubie pesky signal.
‫And it would be sent to the Kew channel and it would be map to its skew level.
‫And here we can see that in the Q branch.
‫Zero is mapped to one.
‫So.
‫And then it will be modulated using minus sign of megacity Gadhia.
‫And then we add two signals and we pass it to the band pass filter.
‫And we get the U.P.S. Skidmore related signal against these two import bits.
‫Similarly, if the next symbol is one zero.
‫Are the next two big are one zero, the first bit would be sent to the eye modulator.
‫And it will be map to its eye level.
‫And we know that zero is map go one and then it will be modulated using the cause of megacity.
‫And the second bit will be sent to the cue channel and it will be first map to its skew level.
‫And we can see that one is map to minus one.
‫Here we can see that this one is being mapped to minus one.
‫So we will map one to minus one and modulated using minus sign of megacity.
‫And then we would add these two signals to generate the Kupinski signal against these two bits.
‫So we can see that here we are generating a Kupinski signal as a combination of two VBAC signals are
‫by using two BP escape modulators.
‫We are using we are generating a Kupinski signal.